Texture	Part = Voice = Line = Melodic Line	Theory Things William Wieland
Monophony (monophonic music)	1 melody (Doublings are allowed.)	• Plainchant (e.g. Gregorian Chant) • Bach’s Cello Suites (mostly monophonic) • The opening bars of Sousa’s “Washington Post” • Messiaen’s Quartet for the End of Time "6. Danse..."
Polyphony (polyphonic music)	2 or more parts — imitative or nonimitative (Polyphony and counterpoint are   often used as synonyms.)	Most music you know and love
Counterpoint (contrapuntal music)	2 or more independent parts which follow the rules of counterpoint, the art of combining different melodic lines	Much Renaissance and Baroque Music   • Palestrina’s Motets   • J.S. Bach’s Fugues
Homophony (homophonic music)	features chords and a melodic line
— Melody + Accompaniment	prominent line + supporting chords	Most Popular Music and Jazz
— Homorhythmic music     (hymn or chordal texture)	All parts have the same or nearly the same rhythm.	• Handel’s Water Music "Hornpipe" • Bernstein’s Mass "Almighty Father"
(Some scholars include monophony in octaves as a type of homorhythmic music, e.g. the opening bars of Sousa’s “Washington Post”.)
Heterophony (heterophonic music)	somewhat different versions of the same melody performed simultaneously	• Much Nonwestern Music • Beethoven’s Violin Concerto (the solo melody and  orchestral melody just after the soloist’s entrance)
Fugues begin monophonically and add imitative voices at regular intervals. Penderecki's Threnody: To the Victims of Hiroshima showcases texture and dynamics rather than melody or harmony. — Dr. Wieland has a score. Texture Song