Motivic Transformation (rhythm alone)	Theory Things   William Wieland
I provided only one example of augmentation, diminution, extension and truncation. Many are possible.

Original Motive:		(a musical word)
Augmentation:		(multiplication—in this case, twice as long)
Diminution:		(division—in this case, half as long)
Retrograde:		(backwards)
Extension:		(addition—Think hair extension. You have the original and you simply add a little more.)
Fragmentation: (or Truncation)		(subtraction)

P.D.Q. Bach (Peter Schickele) - "New horizons in music appreciation" (Beethoven)   (YouTube)     1:55 — Motif = Motive ( short–short–short—long )     2:21 — The motive is extended. ( short–short–short—long—long—long )     3:50 — The motive is truncated or fragmented (broken up into little pieces).